Pasteurizing apparatus



March 20 1945. c. B. DALZE'LL ETAL PASTEURIZING APPARATUS Original Filed May 18, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I-Llll R Y \N% 060 E my March 20, 1945. c. B. DALZELL ETAL 2,371,307

PASTEURIZING APPARATUS Original Filed May 18, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORJ Ufa/arias B Dalzell BY Fag/mend 17. 114284 4 ATTORNEY.

PASTEURIZING APPARATUS Charles B. Dalzell, Little mam Raymond J.

Neely, Middleville, N. Y., assignors to Cherry- Burrell Corporation, Chicago, Iill, a corporation Original application May 18, 1939, Serial No.

274,408. Divided and this application April 28, 1943, Serial No. 484,846

4 Claims. (01. 257-2) This invention relates to apparatus for heating and cooling liquids, such as liquid dairy products.

More particularly thisinvention relates to pasteurizing apparatus of sanitary, compact con- Within the receptacle I is'an inner cylindrical vertically positioned receptacle 4 also having a large open top and a dished bottom 5.

The inner receptacle 4 with its dished bottom structlon provided with automatic means for con- 5 5 is spaced from the receptacle I to form a space trolling the temperature of the product being of substantially uniform width intermediate the pasteurized, such as milk, cream, ice cream mix side walls of the inner and outer receptacles 4 and the like. and I, respectively. The inner receptacle 4 is This application is a division of our co-p'ending H maintained in fixed position within the outer reapplication, SerialNo. 274,408, filed May 18, 1939, i0 ceptacle l by an annular sealing and supporting and entitled Pasteurizing apparatus. ring-like member 6 joined to the top of t tWO In a processing apparatus, such as constitutes receptacles I and 4 in any conventional manner, the subject matter of the present invention, essuch, for example, as by welding, and thereby pecially when intended for use in the pasteurlzalso sealing the top of the space. intermediate ation of a dairy product, such as ice cream mix, s the two receptacles. it is preferable that the material being pasteur- To insulate the inner recep 4 a Shell 7 is ized be quickly and uniformly heated and subprovided intermediate the vertical side walls of sequently maintained at a predetermined desirthe receptacles land 8 with the lower edge of able temperature fora given period of time with-- 1 the shell I sealed to the bottom of the outer reout subjecting it to unnecessary fluctuation in ceptacle I by any conventional arrangement,. temperature after which it is desirable to such, for example, as welding, and having the promptly and rapidly lower the temperature oftop edge thereof, which is slightly lower than the the processed product. Such processing appatop edges of the receptacles I and 4 joined to ratus should, of course, be so'constructed that the outer edge of the inner receptacle 4 by a all parts thereof are easily accessible for -cleanhorizontal ring-like element 8 welded to the top ing and inspection. of the shell I and to the outer periphery of the The prime objects of this invention are to proreceptacle 4 slightly below the supporting .ringvide an improved, inexpensive and sanitary proclike member 5. The space confinedbetween the essing apparatus comprising a receptacle having shell I and the outer receptacle l is filled with individually or concurrently operable heating, any suitable insulating material 50 to effectively cooling and agitating means, thereby imparting insulate the inner receptacle 4 and the space inflexibility thereto, and to provide in such pastermediate the receptacles I and B. l teurizing apparatus automatic controls for the i It is, of course, obvious that the outer recepheat exchange system toregulate the quantity tacle could be so constructed that the vertical of heating medium applied to'the processing rewalls would consist of the shell element 1 which ceptacle. is welded to the bottom 2 and that the" present Other important features of the invention will vertical wall of the outer receptacle I would conbe apparent upon an examination of the details sist of a jacket element rigid y fixed t0 the or construction and arrangement of the elements ceptacle I and shell I, as now shown, merely to of the improvedapparatus, all of which will b 0 constitute a confining means for the insulation first fully described and then specifically pointed 50. out in the appended claims, reference being made The liquid to be processed is normally sup to the accompanying drawings in which: through the open top to the inner receptacle 4 in Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partiall in which it is to be processed. The open top is norbroken-away section, of processing apparatus mally enclosed by a sectional closure comprising constructed in accordance with the preferred ema central closure element or bridge 9 and secbodiment of the invention. tlonal elements I9 and II hinged to the central Figure 2 is a plan view of the improved processelement 9 along their adjoining surfaces by any I ing apparatus. conventional type of easily detachable hinge, as

Figure 3 is a side elevational view partiallyin Sho n an ne y indicated by the numeral broken-away section of the heat exchange medi- To enable .the ready inspection and c n um drain including a liquid trap and thermoof the interior of the receptacle 4 the sectional sensitive unit. closure bridge 9 is mounted on one end of a Referring to the illustrations showing the prehinged bracket I3 fixed to the central closure .ierred embodiment of the invention, in which element 9 in any conventional manner, such, for illustrations like numerals are associated with example, as by welding. The bracket I3 is hinged likeelements, the invention comprises an outer intermediate its ends by a pivot I4 to a second receptacle I of a cylindrical vertical type having hinged bracket I5 carried on the-outer surface a large open top and a flat bottom 2 and supof the outer receptacle Iclose to the top thereof. ported in a conventional manner on supports 3.

Bythis arrangementthe entire closure assembly consisting of the central bridge element 9 and sectional elements It and Il may befreely oscillated individually or as a unit comprised of all a coupling or buckling element I9. Hand grips 29 are provided on the outer periphery of the buckle element I9 and the free end of the screw element I8 is pivoted by the pivot pin 2| to a bracket 22 fixed to the outer receptacle I. The free end of the screw element I1 is pivoted by a pin 23 to the free end of the bracket I3.

To permit the agitation of the contents of the receptacle 4 an agitator assembly is supported on the 'bracket I3. The agitator assembly comprises a power unit 24 mounted on the bracket I3 on the outside of the closure bridge 9, which unit comprises an electric motor provided with an agitator drive25 having a vertical drive shaft 26 in vertical, axial alinement with theshaft 21 for the agitator 28.

The agitator shaft 21 extends upwardly from the interior of the receptacle 4 through an aperture 29 in the closure bridge 9 directly below the end of the drive shaft .26. The aperture 29 is preferably defined by a tubular element 39 per- The section-s Ill and I I are hinged to the adjoining edge of the central bridge 9 having downwardly turned edges overlapping upwardly turned edges 31 on the central bridge 9, as clearly shown in the figures. The upwardly turned edges 31 on the sides of the bridge 9 extend out wardly over the edges of the outer receptacle I on the extended ends of the bridge 9 which also extend out over the edge of the receptacle I.

The apparatus, as shown, may be used as a pasteurizer involving the heating, cooling or re cooling and concurrent agitation of the liquid contained in the processing receptacle or itmay be used to accomplish any one of these operations singly or in any desired sequence.

To cool-\the contents of the inner receptacle 4, film type cooling is employed utilizing a film forming assemblage consisting of an annular horizontal baffle and film distributing element 38 of a width slightly less than the width of the space intermediate the receptacle 4 and the shell 1 and welded to the inner surface of the shell 'l'slightly below the ring-like element 38 which joins the top of the shell 1 to the receptacle 4. This arrangement of parts provides an annular cooling passage 39 intermediate the elements 9 and 38, shell 1 and receptacle 4 havinga slot intermediate the receptacle 4 and the adjacent edge of the element 39.

Cooling fluid conduits 49 which communicate with the annular space 39 are adapted to supply cooling liquid thereto. From the space 39 the manently fixed to the closure bridge 9 and having flanges comprised of the ends of the tubular'element extending above and below the closure Q 4 bridge 9.

The drive shaft 26 is detachably coupled to I the agitator shaft 21 by a bayonet joint or cou-- of the shaft 21 and drive shaft 26 is made possible by the close bearing-like flt of the sleeve-3| overthe end of the drive shaft 29 to which the shaft 21 is coupled by a bayonet joint as just described. To prevent the passage of condensate or other foreign matter, such as oil and grease, from the drive mechanism into the receptacle 4 through cooling liquid is distributed in a thin fllm on the upper portion of the outer surface of the receptacle 4 flowing downwardly over the vertical walls of the receptacle 4 and the dished bottom 5 thereof fromwhence it drops away from the receptacle 4 onto the bottom 2 of the receptacle I. The cooling fluid is drained from the bottom of the receptacle I through the drain the opening 29, a centrally apertured bonnet:

mounted on fthe-dri-veshaft 29' constituting a guard to prevent thepossible drainage of oil or otherforeign matter from the drive-shaft. 24

into the receptacle 4 through theyapertures in; the closure. 9 and the shield 24 when theagltator shaft 21 is removed.

The detail construction of the lock nuts semi "'securingithebridge 9 may be of any conventional arrangement commonly in use for-similar purposes.

' like shield 34' is provided. To further guard the guard the greatly reduced aperture in the shield 5 The heating system of the pasteurizer comprises two separate heating arrangements. The space intermediate the fluid being processed in the receptacle and the closure for the top of the receptacle is separately heated by the direct introduction of steam or other gaseous heating medium into that space by means of the apertured conduit 42 carried by the bridge 9 below the same and entering the space through an aperture in the bridge. .The conduit 42 is suspended from the bridge 9 entirely above the level of the liquid in the vat 4 and extending longitudinally below the central portion of the bridge 9 from the free end thereof toward the hinged end thereof. I

' The heating medium entering through the conduit 42 is not introduced directly into the-liquid being processed in the vat. Suitable connections to supply the steam or .other heating medium to the conduit 42 may be made in any suitable manner. Other apertures are provided in the hinged closure bridge 9 for the insertion of suitable thermometers and fluid supply conduits, all of which may, of course, be accomplished in theconventional mannen The heating system for the main body of the liquid to be processed comprises a. series of up-* wardly directed steam jets-43 mounted on the bottom 2 of the outer receptacle I and arranged in a substantially circular manner approximately under the vertical wall ofthe cylindrical inner receptacle 4. Each of the steam jets 43 communicates with asteam supply conduit 44.

' and diffuse the steam entering through by the prompt and direct contact of steam and steam condensate with the outer surface'of the receptacle 4.

To prevent the localization of heat in the receptacle 4 immediately adlacent the discharge orifices of the various steam jets 43, which 10- calization would normally result from the direct impinging of the steam against the vat 4, to diffuse and distributethe steam to permit the uniform condensation thereof upon the outer'surface of the inner vat, and to prevent the rapidly moving steam from urging the condensate away from certain portions of the outer surface of the inner receptacle 4, deflecting baiiles 45 are provided which are positioned adjacent each orifice 44 in overlapping relation to deflect, distribute the oriflees. a a

The inner vat or processing receptacle, which is normally filled with cool liquid to be pasteurized at the beginning of the operation period, is heated by the condensed steam on the outer surface of the inner vat. The condensed steam is conducted from the space intermediate the shell I and the receptacle 4 through the drain 4| to prevent the development of excessive pressure in the heating space. .A vertical pipe 48 is positioned in the bottom 2 of the outer receptacle I.

and is provided with an upwardly turned element 41 on the outer end thereof in which may be produced a liquid seal, thereby preventing the entrance of cool air therethrough or the ready escape of steam therethrough except in such instances in which sufficient pressure is developed within the heating space to expel the liquid seal from the pipe 46 and the upwardly turned element 41.

It is, therefore, obvious that during the normal operation of the herein described pasteurizer, when it is desired to pasteurize liquid, such as ice cream mix or similar dairy products, the cool liquid is introduced into the inner pasteurizing receptacle 4, resulting in the chilling of the receptacle. Steam is then introduced into the space between the lining or inner receptacle 4 and the intermediate the inner pasteurizer receptacle and the insulated jacket due to'the lack of'condensation when the temperature of the material within the vat has been suillciently raised to cause the pressure of the steam to expel the liquid seal from the trap within the drain pipe 4|. This-operation will permit the direct contact of steam or hot condensate with the sensitive thermal unit 49 which will effect the closing of the steam sup ply valve 48.

In the heating of the liquid in the manner just described it has been found by experimentation that a certain relation exists between the temperature of the condensate or mixture of condensate and steam draining through the drain 4| and the temperature of the liquid being processed in the receptacle 4. When the liquid being processed is cold the condensate will normally be substantially cooler than when the liquid being processed has been substantially raised in temperature., It is, of course, needless to say that insulated jacket I through the series of nozzles 43 and is distributed and diffused uniformly through the said space. The steam is prevented from directly impinging against the outer surface of the inner receptacle 4 by the deflecting, diffusing and distributing bailles 45.

The steam quickly-condenses on the outer surface of the inner receptacle 4 forming a film of condensate thereon which drains downwardly over the dished bottom 5 thereof and into the 'bottom of the outer jacket I from whence it enters the drain conduit 4|.

which has thus been cooled by draining over the The condensate cool outer surface of the inner receptacle 4 quick- 1y fills the liquid trap in the drain conduit 4|, thereby completely surrounding with cool condenate the sensitive thermal unit 49 housed in the liquid trap.

By this procedure direct contact of steam or hot water with the sensitive thermal unit positioned in the drain conduit is prevented until the temperature of the unit in the inner receptacle 4 -is sufliciently increased as not to chill or substantially cool the condensing steam. At such time the condensate entering the liquid trap may be warm enough to effect the operation of the thermal unit housed therein or thesteam pressure may sufliciently increase within the space iii the temperature of the condensate would also have a relation to the quantity of steam being supplied to the heating chamber.

One of the advantages of the temperature and control arrangement embodied in the presently described construction, particularly in the practical operation thereof, is the resulting capacity to properly process the product and the adaptability of the device to regulate the quantity of steam supplied to the heating chamber in such a manner as to prevent the normal passage of uncondensed steam through the drain pipe- 4|.

To' enable the automatic control of the quantity of steam supplied to the heating space, which quantity so supplied, together with the temperature of the product being processed, directly determines or controls the temperature of the efilu cut or condensate or mixture of condensate and steam draining through the drain 4|, an" automatic control valve identified by the numeral 48 is provided. The automatic control valve 48 is responsive to the temperature of the efliuent or condensate or mixture of condensate and steam draining through the drain 4|, and more particularly the valve 48 is responsive to the temperature of the liquid in the liquid seal or liquid trap of the drain 4|, which responsiveness is obtained by means of the use of a thermal control unit 49, the thermal sensitive end of which extends into the liquid seal or trap in the drain 4|.

The automatic control valve 48 is positioned in the steam supply line 44, thereby automatically controlling the quantity of steam supplied to the heating space. .It is, of course, obvious that the degree of control effected by the valve 48 may be varied substantially, depending on the specific type of thermal responsiveness desired and the characteristics of the control units emyed.

The specificdisciosure shown in the drawings includes a type of valve which is only roughly adjustable and is either completely open or completely closed. By such an arrangement, as soon as a quantity of steam supplied to the heating space is in excess'of that which can be condensed on the surface of the receptacle 4, live steam or a mixture of condensate and steam will drain through the drain 4| expelling the liquid seal therefrom and bringing the live steam in contact with the-thermal responsive unit. Such contact of livesteam with the thermal responsive unit for the valve 48 will promptly close the valve 48, thereby preventing the possible overheating of the product in the receptacle 4. As long as live steamor hot liquid flowing through the liquid seal does not contact the thermal unit 49 or is not hot enough to actuate the thermal unit it is quite certain that the product in the receptacle 4 has not been overheated.

By this arrangementthe quantity of steam introduced into the heating space and, therefore,

alsothe quantity of heat imparted to the product being processed is automatically controlled by the reaction of the thermal unit 49 to the temperature of the fluid draining through the drain -4l whether it be liquid or gas.

In this particular instance it is contemplated that the thermal unit has been so adjusted that it will react only to the temperature of liquid which closely approaches the temperature of live, steam. Live steam will come in contact with the unit 49 only upon the introduction of a suiiicient quantity thereof into the heating chamber to expel the liquid seal from the drain 4|.

The construction of a pasteurizing or processing apparatus, as has just been described, comprises a machine of great operative flexibility. Themachme can be used separately forheating, cooling, holdmg or-for simply agitating the prodnot within the processing receptacle without the heating or cooling thereof. The apparatus mayalso be used for any desired sequence of heatmg; cooling, holding and agitating operations. The inventive characteristics of the preferred embodiment of this invention are,'however, chiefly comprised of' the afore-described temperature control arrangement and tlon thereof.

The embodiment of the. invention just described I is the preferred embodiment. However, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various other devices. The invention should not be limited to the specific embodiment disclosed in this application or the details thereof The invention is hereby claimed'as follows: 1. A device of the class described comprising in combinatioma receptacle for containing a liq uid to be processed, an enclosed space encom-' passing said receptacle for normally confining condensable heat exchange medium in heat exchange relation with said liquid through said receptacle, a discharge conduit having a liquid seal and communicating with said space for normally conducting .efiluent' therefrom, condensable heat exchange medium supply means communicating with said enclosed space for circulating condensable heat exchange medium therein in heat exchange relation with said liquid through said receptacle, and valve means responsive to thermosensitive means for regulating the-circulation of the heat exchange medium when the quantity of condensableheat exchange medium supplied to said space is substantially in excess of that which is readily condensable on said receptacle due to the heat exchange effected with said liquid, whereby pressures inexcess of the tolerance of said liquid seal will be developed in said enclosed space by said condensable heat exchange medium, the development of the excessive pres-1 sures acting indirectly through said thermo-sensitive. means to'stop said supply of condensable heat exchange medium. 2. A device ofthe class described comprising, in combination, a vat adapted to receive a product to be processed, said vat forming a portion of a wall of an enclosed space, in which space conthe manner of. opera- .adapted to control the flow of heating medium v densate collects in contact'with the surface of the vat for heating the contents of the vat and immediately drains from said surface into a sump below the vat and out of contact with said vat.

conduit means for supplying a condensable heating medium into said space, draining means for discharging condensate from said sump, sealing means in said draining means adapted to receive liquid to effect a seal, a thermal unit in said draining means extending into said sealing means, and a valve in said conduit means, said valve being responsive to said thermal unit and through said conduit means, whereby upon the iii expulsion of liquid from said sealing means condensable heating medium will be permitted to directly engage said thermal unit to effect the closing of the valve in said conduit means.

3. A device of the class described comprising, in combination, a vat adapted to receive a product to be'processed, said vatiorming a portion of a wall of an enclosed space, in which space condensate collects in contact with the surface of the vat for heating the contents of the vat and immediately drains from said surface into a sum below the vat and out of contact with said vat, conduit means for supplying a condensable heating medium into said space, draining means for discharging condensate from said again receiving suflicient liquid to effect a seal and prevent the direct contact between the heating medium and the thermal unit.

4. A device of the class described comprising,

in combination, a container adapted to receive a product to be processed, a jacket substantially enclosing said container and spaced therefrom and sealed thereto, said jacket and said container forming therebetween a heat exchange medium circulating space, a sump in said jacket for collecting condensed heat exchange medium out of contact with said container, a conduit means for supplying condensable heat exchange medium into said space, discharge means for discharging the heat exchange medium from said sump, sealin'g means in said discharge means adapted to I 7 receive condensed heat exchange medium to effect a seal, a thermal unit in said discharge means extending into the seal formed by said condensed heat exchange medium, a valve in said conduit means, said valve being operatively connected to and responsive to said thermal unit and adapted to control the flow of heat exchange medium through said conduit, whereby upon a predetermined increase in the temperature of the heat exchange medium surrounding the thermal unit in said discharge means said thermal unit will eiiect the closing of said valve in said conduit means.

- CHARLES B. DALZELL. V

RAYMOND J. NEELY. 

